# Publications

## Index Formulae for Line Bundle Cohomology on Complex Surfaces

FORTSCHRITTE DER PHYSIK-PROGRESS OF PHYSICS Wiley 68 (2020) ARTN 1900086

CR Brodie, A Constantin, R Deen, A Lukas

© 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim We conjecture and prove closed-form index expressions for the cohomology dimensions of line bundles on del Pezzo and Hirzebruch surfaces. Further, for all compact toric surfaces we provide a simple algorithm which allows expression of any line bundle cohomology in terms of an index. These formulae follow from general theorems we prove for a wider class of surfaces. In particular, we construct a map that takes any effective line bundle to a nef line bundle while preserving the zeroth cohomology dimension. For complex surfaces, these results explain the appearance of piecewise polynomial equations for cohomology and they are a first step towards understanding similar formulae recently obtained for Calabi-Yau three-folds.

## A Search for MeV to TeV Neutrinos from Fast Radio Bursts with IceCube

The Astrophysical Journal: an international review of astronomy and astronomical physics American Astronomical Society (2020)

GW Sullivan, T Stürwald, K Tollefson, T Stuttard, L Tomankova, A Terliuk, F Tenholt, I Taboada, S Tilav, M Tselengidou, S Toscano, CF Turley, A Turcati, R Turcotte, C Tönnis, A Trettin, CF Tung, D Tosi, J Vandenbroucke, MAU Elorrieta, NV Eijndhoven, WV Driessche, S Vanheule, E Unger, M Usner

We present two searches for IceCube neutrino events coincident with 28 fast radio bursts (FRBs) and one repeating FRB. The first improves upon a previous IceCube analysis -- searching for spatial and temporal correlation of events with FRBs at energies greater than roughly 50 GeV -- by increasing the effective area by an order of magnitude. The second is a search for temporal correlation of MeV neutrino events with FRBs. No significant correlation is found in either search, therefore, we set upper limits on the time-integrated neutrino flux emitted by FRBs for a range of emission timescales less than one day. These are the first limits on FRB neutrino emission at the MeV scale, and the limits set at higher energies are an order-of-magnitude improvement over those set by any neutrino telescope.

## Machine Learning Line Bundle Cohomology

FORTSCHRITTE DER PHYSIK-PROGRESS OF PHYSICS 68 (2020) ARTN 1900087

CR Brodie, A Constantin, R Deen, A Lukas

## Analytic results for deep-inelastic scattering at NNLO QCD with the nested soft-collinear subtraction scheme

EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C 80 (2020)

K Asteriadis, F Caola, K Melnikov, R Roentsch

## Hawking radiation of extended objects

JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS (2020)

G Johnson, J March-Russell

## Time-integrated Neutrino Source Searches with 10 years of IceCube Data

Physical Review Letters American Physical Society (2020)

S Robertson, M Rongen, C Rott, T Ruhe, D Ryckbosch, D Rysewyk, I Safa, SES Herrera, A Sandrock, J Sandroos, M Santander, SUBIR Sarkar, S SARKAR, K Satalecka, M Schaufel, H Schieler, P Schlunder, T Schmidt, A Schneider, J Schneider, FG Schröder, L Schumacher, S Sclafani, D Seckel, S Seunarine

This paper presents the results from point-like neutrino source searches using ten years of IceCube data collected between Apr.~6, 2008 and Jul.~10, 2018. We evaluate the significance of an astrophysical signal from a point-like source looking for an excess of clustered neutrino events with energies typically above $\sim1\,$TeV among the background of atmospheric muons and neutrinos. We perform a full-sky scan, a search within a selected source catalog, a catalog population study, and three stacked Galactic catalog searches. The most significant point in the Northern hemisphere from scanning the sky is coincident with the Seyfert II galaxy NGC 1068, which was included in the source catalog search. The excess at the coordinates of NGC 1068 is inconsistent with background expectations at the level of $2.9\,\sigma$ after accounting for statistical trials. The combination of this result along with excesses observed at the coordinates of three other sources, including TXS 0506+056, suggests that, collectively, correlations with sources in the Northern catalog are inconsistent with background at 3.3$\,\sigma$ significance. These results, all based on searches for a cumulative neutrino signal integrated over the ten years of available data, motivate further study of these and similar sources, including time-dependent analyses, multimessenger correlations, and the possibility of stronger evidence with coming upgrades to the detector.

## Heterotic instantons for monad and extension bundles

Journal of High Energy Physics Springer 2020 (2020) 81

EI Buchbinder, A Lukas, BA Ovrut, F Ruehle

We consider non-perturbative superpotentials from world-sheet instantons wrapped on holomorphic genus zero curves in heterotic string theory. These superpotential contributions feature prominently in moduli stabilization and large field axion inflation, which makes their presence or absence, as well as their functional dependence on moduli, an important issue. We develop geometric methods to compute the instanton sWe consider non-perturbative superpotentials from world-sheet instantons wrapped on holomorphic genus zero curves in heterotic string theory. These superpotential contributions feature prominently in moduli stabilization and large field axion inflation, which makes their presence or absence, as well as their functional dependence on moduli, an important issue. We develop geometric methods to compute the instanton superpotentials for heterotic string theory with monad and extension bundles. Using our methods, we find a variety of examples with a non-vanishing superpotential. In view of standard vanishing theorems, we speculate that these results are likely to be attributed to the non-compactness of the instanton moduli space. We test this proposal, for the case of monad bundles, by considering gauged linear sigma models where compactness of the instanton moduli space can be explicitly checked. In all such cases, we find that the geometric results are consistent with the vanishing theorems. Surprisingly, linearly dependent Pfaffians even arise for cases with a non-compact instanton moduli space. This suggests some gauged linear sigma models with a non-compact instanton moduli space may still have a vanishing instanton superpotential.uperpotentials for heterotic string theory with monad and extension bundles. Using our methods, we find a variety of examples with a non-vanishing superpotential. In view of standard vanishing theorems, we speculate that these results are likely to be attributed to the non-compactness of the instanton moduli space. We test this proposal, for the case of monad bundles, by considering gauged linear sigma models where compactness of the instanton moduli space can be explicitly checked. In all such cases, we find that the geometric results are consistent with the vanishing theorems. Surprisingly, linearly dependent Pfaffians even arise for cases with a non-compact instanton moduli space. This suggests some gauged linear sigma models with a non-compact instanton moduli space may still have a vanishing instanton superpotential.

## Development of an analysis to probe the neutrino mass ordering with atmospheric neutrinos using three years of IceCube DeepCore data: IceCube Collaboration

European Physical Journal C 80 (2020)

MG Aartsen, M Ackermann, J Adams, JA Aguilar, M Ahlers, M Ahrens, C Alispach, K Andeen, T Anderson, I Ansseau, G Anton, C Argüelles, J Auffenberg, S Axani, P Backes, H Bagherpour, X Bai, A Barbano, SW Barwick, V Baum, R Bay, JJ Beatty, KH Becker, JB Tjus, S BenZvi, D Berley, E Bernardini, DZ Besson, G Binder, D Bindig, E Blaufuss, S Blot, C Bohm, M Börner, S Böser, O Botner, E Bourbeau, J Bourbeau, F Bradascio, J Braun, HP Bretz, S Bron, J Brostean-Kaiser, A Burgman, RS Busse, T Carver, C Chen, E Cheung, D Chirkin, K Clark, L Classen, GH Collin, JM Conrad, P Coppin, P Correa, DF Cowen, R Cross, P Dave, JPAM de André, C De Clercq, JJ DeLaunay, H Dembinski, K Deoskar, S De Ridder, P Desiati, KD de Vries, G de Wasseige, M de With, T DeYoung, A Diaz, JC Díaz-Vélez, H Dujmovic, M Dunkman, E Dvorak, B Eberhardt, T Ehrhardt, B Eichmann, P Eller, JJ Evans, PA Evenson, S Fahey, AR Fazely, J Felde, K Filimonov, C Finley, A Franckowiak, E Friedman, A Fritz, TK Gaisser, J Gallagher, E Ganster, S Garrappa, L Gerhardt, K Ghorbani, T Glauch, T Glüsenkamp, A Goldschmidt, JG Gonzalez, D Grant, Z Griffith

© 2020, The Author(s). The Neutrino Mass Ordering (NMO) remains one of the outstanding questions in the field of neutrino physics. One strategy to measure the NMO is to observe matter effects in the oscillation pattern of atmospheric neutrinos above ∼1GeV, as proposed for several next-generation neutrino experiments. Moreover, the existing IceCube DeepCore detector can already explore this type of measurement. We present the development and application of two independent analyses to search for the signature of the NMO with three years of DeepCore data. These analyses include a full treatment of systematic uncertainties and a statistically-rigorous method to determine the significance for the NMO from a fit to the data. Both analyses show that the dataset is fully compatible with both mass orderings. For the more sensitive analysis, we observe a preference for normal ordering with a p-value of pIO= 15.3 % and CL s= 53.3 % for the inverted ordering hypothesis, while the experimental results from both analyses are consistent within their uncertainties. Since the result is independent of the value of δCP and obtained from energies Eν≳5GeV, it is complementary to recent results from long-baseline experiments. These analyses set the groundwork for the future of this measurement with more capable detectors, such as the IceCube Upgrade and the proposed PINGU detector.

## Algorithms and tools for iterated Eisenstein integrals

Journal of High Energy Physics Springer Verlag 2020 (2020) 105

C Duhr, L Tancredi

We present algorithms to work with iterated Eisenstein integrals that have recently appeared in the computation of multi-loop Feynman integrals. These algorithms allow one to analytically continue these integrals to all regions of the parameter space, and to obtain fast converging series representations in each region. We illustrate our approach on the examples of hypergeometric functions that evaluate to iterated Eisenstein integrals as well as the well-known sunrise graph.

## Design and Performance of the first IceAct Demonstrator at the South Pole

Journal of Instrumentation IOP Publishing (2020)

GW Sullivan, I Taboada, A Taketa, S Ter-Antonyan, HKM Tanaka, F Tenholt, A Terliuk, S Tilav, K Tollefson, L Tomankova, C Tönnis, S Toscano, D Tosi, M Tselengidou, A Turcati, A Trettin, CF Tung, R Turcotte, CF Turley, MAU Elorrieta, B Ty, E Unger, J Vandenbroucke, M Usner, WV Driessche

In this paper we describe the first results of a compact imaging air-Cherenkov telescope, IceAct, operating in coincidence with the IceCube Neutrino Observatory (IceCube) at the geographic South Pole. An array of IceAct telescopes (referred to as the IceAct project) is under consideration as part of the IceCube-Gen2 extension to IceCube. Surface detectors in general will be a powerful tool in IceCube-Gen2 for distinguishing astrophysical neutrinos from the dominant backgrounds of cosmic-ray induced atmospheric muons and neutrinos: the IceTop array is already in place as part of IceCube, but has a high energy threshold. Although the duty cycle will be lower for the IceAct telescopes than the present IceTop tanks, the IceAct telescopes may prove to be more effective at lowering the detection threshold for air showers. Additionally, small imaging air-Cherenkov telescopes in combination with IceTop, the deep IceCube detector or other future detector systems might improve measurements of the composition of the cosmic ray energy spectrum. In this paper we present measurements of a first 7-pixel imaging air Cherenkov telescope demonstrator, proving the capability of this technology to measure air showers at the South Pole in coincidence with IceTop and the deep IceCube detector.

## Novel tools and observables for jet physics in heavy-ion collisions

JOURNAL OF PHYSICS G-NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS 47 (2020) ARTN 065102

HA Andrews, L Apolinario, RA Bertens, C Bierlich, M Cacciari, Y Chen, Y-T Chien, LC Mendez, M Deak, D d'Enterria, F Dominguez, PC Harris, K Kutak, Y-J Lee, Y Mehtar-Tani, J Mulligan, M Nguyen, C Ning-Bo, D Perepelitsa, G Salam, M Spousta, JG Milhano, K Tywoniuk, M Van Leeuwen, M Verweij, V Vila, UA Wiedemann, KC Zapp

## Search for PeV Gamma-Ray Emission from the Southern Hemisphere with 5 Years of Data from the IceCube Observatory

The Astrophysical Journal: an international review of astronomy and astronomical physics American Astronomical Society (2020)

H Bagherpour, C Argüelles, J Auffenberg, T Anderson, I Ansseau, P Backes, G Anton, S Axani, X Bai, E Bernardini, DZ Besson, E Blaufuss, D Bindig, S BenZvi, D Berley, JB Tjus, G Binder, S Blot, J Brostean-Kaiser, RS Busse, D Chirkin, A Burgman, J Buscher, T Carver, E Cheung

The measurement of diffuse PeV gamma-ray emission from the Galactic plane would provide information about the energy spectrum and propagation of Galactic cosmic rays, and the detection of a point-like source of PeV gamma rays would be strong evidence for a Galactic source capable of accelerating cosmic rays up to at least a few PeV. This paper presents several un-binned maximum likelihood searches for PeV gamma rays in the Southern Hemisphere using 5 years of data from the IceTop air shower surface detector and the in-ice array of the IceCube Observatory. The combination of both detectors takes advantage of the low muon content and deep shower maximum of gamma-ray air showers, and provides excellent sensitivity to gamma rays between $\sim$0.6 PeV and 100 PeV. Our measurements of point-like and diffuse Galactic emission of PeV gamma rays are consistent with background, so we constrain the angle-integrated diffuse gamma-ray flux from the Galactic Plane at 2 PeV to $2.61 \times 10^{-19}$ cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$ TeV$^{-1}$ at 90% confidence, assuming an E$^{-3}$ spectrum, and we estimate 90% upper limits on point-like emission at 2 PeV between 10$^{-21}$ - 10$^{-20}$ cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$ TeV$^{-1}$ for an E$^{-2}$ spectrum, depending on declination. Furthermore, we exclude unbroken power-law emission up to 2 PeV for several TeV gamma-ray sources observed by H.E.S.S., and calculate upper limits on the energy cutoffs of these sources at 90% confidence. We also find no PeV gamma rays correlated with neutrinos from IceCube's high-energy starting event sample. These are currently the strongest constraints on PeV gamma-ray emission.

## Relic abundance of dark photon dark matter

PHYSICS LETTERS B 801 (2020) ARTN 135136

P Agrawal, N Kitajima, M Reece, T Sekiguchi, F Takahashi

## AION: an atom interferometer observatory and network

JOURNAL OF COSMOLOGY AND ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS (2020) ARTN 011

L Badurina, E Bentine, D Blas, K Bongs, D Bortoletto, T Bowcock, K Bridges, W Bowden, O Buchmueller, C Burrage, J Coleman, G Elertas, J Ellis, C Foot, V Gibson, MG Haehnelt, T Harte, S Hedges, R Hobson, M Holynski, T Jones, M Langlois, S Lellouch, M Lewicki, R Maiolino, P Majewski, S Malik, J March-Russell, C McCabe, D Newbold, B Sauer, U Schneider, I Shipsey, Y Singh, MA Uchida, T Valenzuela, M van der Grinten, V Vaskonen, J Vossebeld, D Weatherill, Wilmut

## Is there really a Hubble tension'?

arXiv (2019)

M Rameez, SUBIR Sarkar

Errors in redshift measurements as small as $\Delta z \sim 0.0001$ can have significant impact on the value of inferred cosmological parameters such as $H_0$ (Davis et al. 2019). We have earlier reported that the redshifts of over 100 Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) which are in common between the SDSSII-SNLS3 Joint Lightcurve Analysis (JLA) catalogue (Betoule et al. 2014) and the subsequent Pantheon compilation (Scolnic et al. 2018) are discrepant - some by as much as $\Delta z \sim 0.1$ (Rameez 2019a). We study the impact of this on the inferred value of $H_0$ using calibrations of the supernova absolute magnitude via the 'local distance ladder' (Riess et al. 2016). For supernovae with $\Delta z &gt; 0.025$, the JLA redshifts favour $H_0 \sim 72$~km~s$^{-1}$Mpc$^{-1}$, while the Pantheon redshifts favour $H_0 \sim 68$~km~s$^{-1}$Mpc$^{-1}$. For comparison the value inferred (assuming the flat $\Lambda$CDM model) from the Planck data on CMB anisotropies is $H_0 \sim 67.4 \pm 0.5$~km~s$^{-1}$Mpc$^{-1}$ (Aghanim et al. 2018). Thus the systematic uncertainties that apparently still plague the distance ladder measurement of $H_0$ undermine the significance of the discrepancy claimed by Riess et al. (2019).

## Quark beam function at next-to-next-to-next-to-leading order in perturbative QCD in the generalized large- Nc approximation

Physical Review D American Physical Society 100 (2019) 114034

A Behring, K Melnikov, R Rietkerk, L Tancredi, C Wever

We present the matching coefficient for the quark beam function at next-to-next-to-next-to-leading order in perturbative QCD in the generalized large Nc-approximation, Nc ∼ Nf ≫ 1. Although several refinements are still needed to make this result interesting for phenomenological applications, our computation shows that a fully-differential description of simple color singlet production processes at a hadron collider at N3LO in perturbative QCD is within reach.

## Evidence for anisotropy of cosmic acceleration

Astronomy and Astrophysics: a European journal EDP Sciences (2019)

J Colin, R Mohayaee, M Rameez, S Sarkar

Observations reveal a bulk flow' in the local Universe which is faster and extends to much larger scales than is expected around a typical observer in the standard $\Lambda$CDM cosmology. This is expected to result in a scale-dependent dipolar modulation of the acceleration of the expansion rate inferred from observations of objects within the bulk flow. From a maximum-likelihood analysis of the Joint Lightcurve Analysis (JLA) catalogue of Type Ia supernovae we find that the deceleration parameter, in addition to a small monopole, indeed has a much bigger dipole component aligned with the CMB dipole which falls exponentially with redshift $z$: $q_0 = q_\mathrm{m} + \vec{q}_\mathrm{d}.\hat{n}\exp(-z/S)$. The best fit to data yields $q_\mathrm{d} = -8.03$ and $S = 0.0262~(\Rightarrow d \sim 100~\mathrm{Mpc})$, rejecting isotropy ($q_\mathrm{d} = 0$) with $3.9\sigma$ statistical significance, while $q_\mathrm{m} = -0.157$ and consistent with no acceleration ($q_\mathrm{m} = 0$) at $1.4\sigma$. Thus the cosmic acceleration deduced from supernovae may be an artefact of our being non-Copernican observers, rather than evidence for a dominant component of `dark energy' in the Universe.

## Analytic results for decays of color singlets to gg and qq¯ final states at NNLO QCD with the nested soft-collinear subtraction scheme

European Physical Journal C Springer Nature 79 (2019) 1013

F Caola, K Melnikov, R Röntsch

We present compact analytic formulas that describe the decay of colorless particles to both qq¯ and gg final states through next-to-next-to-leading order in perturbative QCD in the context of the nested soft-collinear subtraction scheme. In addition to their relevance for the description of decays like V→qq¯' , V=Z,W , H→bb¯ and H→gg , these results provide an important building block for calculating NNLO QCD corrections to arbitrary processes at colliders within the nested soft-collinear subtraction scheme.

## A response to Rubin &amp; Heitlauf: "Is the expansion of the universe accelerating? All signs \emph{still} point to yes"

arXiv (2019)

J Colin, R Mohayaee, M Rameez, SUBIR Sarkar

We have shown (Colin et al. 2019) that the acceleration of the Hubble expansion rate inferred from Type Ia supernovae is essentially a dipole with 3.9$\sigma$ significance, approximately aligned with the CMB dipole, while its monopole component which may be interpreted as due to a Cosmological Constant (or more generally dark energy) is consistent with zero at 1.4$\sigma$. This is challenged by Rubin &amp; Heitlauf (2019) who assert that we incorrectly assumed the supernova light-curve parameters to be independent of redshift, and erred further in considering their measured redshifts (in the heliocentric frame) rather than transforming them to the CMB frame (in which the universe supposedly looks isotropic). We emphasize that our procedure is justified and that their criticism serves only to highlight the rather "arbitrary corrections" that are made to the data in order to infer isotropic cosmic acceleration. This is a vivid illustration of the 'Cosmological Fitting Problem' faced by observers who live in an inhomogeneous universe but still use the maximally symmetric FLRW cosmolgy to interpret observations.

## The complex life of hydrodynamic modes

Journal of High Energy Physics Springer Science and Business Media LLC 2019 (2019) 97

S Grozdanov, PK Kovtun, AO Starinets, P Tadić