Reducing nonradiative losses in perovskite LEDs through atomic layer deposition of Al2O3 on the hole-injection contact
ACS Nano American Chemical Society 17:4 (2023) 3289-3300
Abstract:
Halide perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) exhibit great potential for use in next-generation display technologies. However, scale-up will be challenging due to the requirement of very thin transport layers for high efficiencies, which often present spatial inhomogeneities from improper wetting and drying during solution processing. Here, we show how a thin Al2O3 layer grown by atomic layer deposition can be used to preferentially cover regions of imperfect hole transport layer deposition and form an intermixed composite with the organic transport layer, allowing hole conduction and injection to persist through the organic hole transporter. This has the dual effect of reducing nonradiative recombination at the heterojunction and improving carrier selectivity, which we infer to be due to the inhibition of direct contact between the indium tin oxide and perovskite layers. We observe an immediate improvement in electroluminescent external quantum efficiency in our p-i-n LEDs from an average of 9.8% to 13.5%, with a champion efficiency of 15.0%. The technique uses industrially available equipment and can readily be scaled up to larger areas and incorporated in other applications such as thin-film photovoltaic cells.Binary solvent system used to fabricate fully annealing-free perovskite solar cells
Advanced Energy Materials Wiley 13:11 (2023) 2203468
Abstract:
High temperature post-deposition annealing of hybrid lead halide perovskite thin films—typically lasting at least 10 min—dramatically limits the maximum roll-to-roll coating speed, which determines solar module manufacturing costs. While several approaches for “annealing-free” perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have been demonstrated, many are of limited feasibility for scalable fabrication. Here, this work has solvent-engineered a high vapor pressure solvent mixture of 2-methoxy ethanol and tetrahydrofuran to deposit highly crystalline perovskite thin-films at room temperature using gas-quenching to remove the volatile solvents. Using this approach, this work demonstrates p-i-n devices with an annealing-free MAPbI3 perovskite layer achieving stabilized power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of up to 18.0%, compared to 18.4% for devices containing an annealed perovskite layer. This work then explores the deposition of self-assembled molecules as the hole-transporting layer without annealing. This work finally combines the methods to create fully annealing-free devices having stabilized PCEs of up to 17.1%. This represents the state-of-the-art for annealing-free fabrication of PSCs with a process fully compatible with roll-to-roll manufacture.A Universal Perovskite Nanocrystal Ink for High-Performance Optoelectronic Devices.
Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) 35:8 (2023) e2209486
Abstract:
Semiconducting lead halide perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs) are regarded as promising candidates for next-generation optoelectronic devices due to their solution processability and outstanding optoelectronic properties. While the field of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and photovoltaics (PVs), two prime examples of optoelectronic devices, has recently seen a multitude of efforts toward high-performance PNC-based devices, realizing both devices with high efficiencies and stabilities through a single PNC processing strategy has remained a challenge. In this work, diphenylpropylammonium (DPAI) surface ligands, found through a judicious ab-initio-based ligand search, are shown to provide a solution to this problem. The universal PNC ink with DPAI ligands presented here, prepared through a solution-phase ligand-exchange process, simultaneously allows single-step processed LED and PV devices with peak electroluminescence external quantum efficiency of 17.00% and power conversion efficiency of 14.92% (stabilized output 14.00%), respectively. It is revealed that a careful design of the aromatic rings such as in DPAI is the decisive factor in bestowing such high performances, ease of solution processing, and improved phase stability up to 120 days. This work illustrates the power of ligand design in producing PNC ink formulations for high-throughput production of optoelectronic devices; it also paves a path for "dual-mode" devices with both PV and LED functionalities.Passivation strategies for mitigating defect challenges in halide perovskite light-emitting diodes
Joule Elsevier 7:2 (2023) 272-308
Synergistic surface modification of tin-lead perovskite solar cells
Advanced Materials Wiley 35:9 (2023) 2208320