Sol-gel organic-inorganic composites for 3-D holographic lithography of photonic crystals with submicron periodicity
Chemistry of Materials 15:12 (2003) 2301-2304
Abstract:
We demonstrate that silica-acrylate materials doped with transition metal (Zr, Ti) oxide nanoparticles are suitable for the three-dimensional holographic lithography of photonic crystals with submicron periodicity and large inorganic contents. By careful choice of inorganic components, such composites could provide a route to the template-free, direct lithography of three-dimensionally ordered structures with high refractive-index contrast, submicron periodicity, and band gaps in the visible and infrared regions.Photonic crystals for the visible spectrum by holographic lithography
OPTICAL AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS 34:1-3 (2002) 3-12
Holographic definition of photonic crystal structures.
ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 221 (2001) U245-U245
Fabrication of photonic crystals for the visible spectrum by holographic lithography.
Nature 404:6773 (2000) 53-56
Abstract:
The term 'photonics' describes a technology whereby data transmission and processing occurs largely or entirely by means of photons. Photonic crystals are microstructured materials in which the dielectric constant is periodically modulated on a length scale comparable to the desired wavelength of operation. Multiple interference between waves scattered from each unit cell of the structure may open a 'photonic bandgap'--a range of frequencies, analogous to the electronic bandgap of a semiconductor, within which no propagating electromagnetic modes exist. Numerous device principles that exploit this property have been identified. Considerable progress has now been made in constructing two-dimensional structures using conventional lithography, but the fabrication of three-dimensional photonic crystal structures for the visible spectrum remains a considerable challenge. Here we describe a technique--three-dimensional holographic lithography--that is well suited to the production of three-dimensional structures with sub-micrometre periodicity. With this technique we have made microperiodic polymeric structures, and we have used these as templates to create complementary structures with higher refractive-index contrast.Hyperfine-resolved spectrum of the molecular dication DCl2+
Physical Review A - Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics 61:5 (2000) 505011-505014