# Publications

## Quantum gravity: Quantum effects in the gravitational field.

Nature 549 (0) 31-31

S Hossenfelder, C Marletto, V Vedral

## Geometric phase kickback in a mesoscopic qubit-oscillator system

ArXiv (0)

G Vacanti, R Fazio, MS Kim, GM Palma, M Paternostro, V Vedral

We illustrate a reverse Von Neumann measurement scheme in which a geometric phase induced on a quantum harmonic oscillator is measured using a microscopic qubit as a probe. We show how such a phase, generated by a cyclic evolution in the phase space of the harmonic oscillator, can be kicked back on the qubit, which plays the role of a quantum interferometer. We also extend our study to finite-temperature dissipative Markovian dynamics and discuss potential implementations in micro and nano-mechanical devices coupled to an effective two-level system.

## Few-Body Bound Complexes in One-dimensional Dipolar Gases and Non-Destructive Optical Detection

ArXiv (0)

NT Zinner, B Wunsch, IB Mekhov, S-J Huang, D-W Wang, E Demler

We consider dipolar interactions between heteronuclear molecules in low-dimensional geometries. The setup consists of two one-dimensional tubes. We study the stability of possible few-body complexes in the regime of repulsive intratube interaction, where the binding arises from intertube attraction. The stable dimers, trimers, and tetramers are found and we discuss their properties for both bosonic and fermionic molecules. To observe these complexes we propose an optical non-destructive detection scheme that enables in-situ observation of the creation and dissociation of the few-body complexes. A detailed description of the expected signal of such measurements is given using the numerically calculated wave functions of the bound states. We also discuss implications on the many-body physics of dipolar systems in tubular geometries, as well as experimental issues related to the external harmonic confinement along the tube and the prospect of applying an in-tube optical lattice to increase the effective dipole strength.

## Natural three-qubit interactions in one-way quantum computing

ArXiv (0)

MS Tame, M Paternostro, MS Kim, V Vedral

We address the effects of natural three-qubit interactions on the computational power of one-way quantum computation (\QC). A benefit of using more sophisticated entanglement structures is the ability to construct compact and economic simulations of quantum algorithms with limited resources. We show that the features of our study are embodied by suitably prepared optical lattices, where effective three-spin interactions have been theoretically demonstrated. We use this to provide a compact construction for the Toffoli gate. Information flow and two-qubit interactions are also outlined, together with a brief analysis of relevant sources of imperfection.

## Entanglement between Collective Operators in a Linear Harmonic Chain

ArXiv (0)

J Kofler, V Vedral, MS Kim, C Brukner

We investigate entanglement between collective operators of two blocks of oscillators in an infinite linear harmonic chain. These operators are defined as averages over local operators (individual oscillators) in the blocks. On the one hand, this approach of "physical blocks" meets realistic experimental conditions, where measurement apparatuses do not interact with single oscillators but rather with a whole bunch of them, i.e., where in contrast to usually studied "mathematical blocks" not every possible measurement is allowed. On the other, this formalism naturally allows the generalization to blocks which may consist of several non-contiguous regions. We quantify entanglement between the collective operators by a measure based on the Peres-Horodecki criterion and show how it can be extracted and transferred to two qubits. Entanglement between two blocks is found even in the case where none of the oscillators from one block is entangled with an oscillator from the other, showing genuine bipartite entanglement between collective operators. Allowing the blocks to consist of a periodic sequence of subblocks, we verify that entanglement scales at most with the total boundary region. We also apply the approach of collective operators to scalar quantum field theory.

## Quantum information processing with noisy cluster states

ArXiv (0)

MS Tame, M Paternostro, MS Kim, V Vedral

We provide an analysis of basic quantum information processing protocols under the effect of intrinsic non-idealities in cluster states. These non-idealities are based on the introduction of randomness in the entangling steps that create the cluster state and are motivated by the unavoidable imperfections faced in creating entanglement using condensed-matter systems. Aided by the use of an alternative and very efficient method to construct cluster state configurations, which relies on the concatenation of fundamental cluster structures, we address quantum state transfer and various fundamental gate simulations through noisy cluster states. We find that a winning strategy to limit the effects of noise, is the management of small clusters processed via just a few measurements. Our study also reinforces recent ideas related to the optical implementation of a one-way quantum computer.

## Optimal State Discrimination Using Particle Statistics

ArXiv (0)

S Bose, A Ekert, Y Omar, N Paunkovic, V Vedral

We present an application of particle statistics to the problem of optimal ambiguous discrimination of quantum states. The states to be discriminated are encoded in the internal degrees of freedom of identical particles, and we use the bunching and antibunching of the external degrees of freedom to discriminate between various internal states. We show that we can achieve the optimal single-shot discrimination probability using only the effects of particle statistics. We discuss interesting applications of our method to detecting entanglement and purifying mixed states. Our scheme can easily be implemented with the current technology.

## Reply to `Singularities of the mixed state phase'

ArXiv (0)

J Anandan, E Sjöqvist, AK Pati, A Ekert, M Ericsson, DKL Oi, V Vedral

The only difference between Bhandari's viewpoint [quant-ph/0108058] and ours [Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 2845 (2000)] is that our phase is defined modulo $2\pi$, whereas Bhandari argues that two phases that differ by $2\pi n$, $n$ integer, may be distinguished experimentally in a history-dependent manner.

## Landauer's erasure, error correction and entanglement

Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 456 (2000) 969-984

V Vedral

Classical and quantum error correction are presented in the form of Maxwell's demon and their efficiency analysed from the thermodynamic point of view. We explain how Landauer's principle of information erasure applies to both cases. By then extending this principle to entanglement manipulations we rederive upper bounds on purification procedures, thereby linking the 'no local increase of entanglement' principle to the second law of thermodynamics. © 2000 The Royal Society.

## Mixedness and teleportation

Physical Review A - Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics 61 (2000) 401011-401012

S Bose, V Vedral

We show that on exceeding a certain degree of mixedness (as quantified by the von Neumann entropy), entangled states become useless for teleportation. By increasing the dimension of the entangled systems, this entropy threshold can be made arbitrarily close to maximal. This entropy is found to exceed the entropy threshold sufficient to ensure the failure of dense coding.

## Quantum-information distribution via entanglement

Physical Review A - Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics 61 (2000) 323111-3231111

M Murao, MB Plenio, V Vedral

We present a generalization of quantum teleportation that distributes quantum information from a sender's d-level particle to N0 particles held by remote receivers via an initially shared multiparticle entangled state. This entangled state functions as a multiparty quantum information distribution channel between the sender and the receivers. The structure of the distribution channel determines how quantum information is processed. Our generalized teleportation scheme allows multiple receivers at arbitrary locations, and can be used for applications such as optimal quantum information broadcasting, asymmetric telecloning, and quantum error correction.

## Mixed state dense coding and its relation to entanglement measures

Journal of Modern Optics 47-2 (2000) 291-310

S Bose, MB Plenio, V Vedral

Ideal dense coding protocols allow one to use prior maximal entanglement to send two bits of classical information by the physical transfer of a single encoded qubit. We investigate the case when the prior entanglement is not maximal and the initial state of the entangled pair of qubits being used for the dense coding is a mixed state. We find upper and lower bounds on the capability to do dense coding in terms of the various measures of entanglement. Our results can also be reinterpreted as giving bounds on purification procedures in terms of dense coding capacities. © 2000 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

## Two-state teleportation

Physical Review A - Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics 61 (2000) 062306-062301

L Henderson, L Hardy, V Vedral

Lower bounds for two-state teleportation fidelity were computed using a nonmaximally entangled pure state as a channel, and the exact result for the two-state fidelity with no entanglement. Only pure entangled states were considered as channels for teleportation. The results provide additional information on the respective roles of classical information and quantum entanglement in the new field of quantum information processing.

## Manipulation of entangled states for quantum information processing

QUANTUM COMMUNICATION, COMPUTING, AND MEASUREMENT 2 (2000) 49-58

S Bose, SF Huelga, D Jonathan, PL Knight, M Murao, MB Plenio, V Vedral

## Entangling atoms and ions in dissipative environments

Journal of Modern Optics 47-14 (2000) 2583-2598

A Beige, S Bose, D Braun, SF Huelga, PL Knight, MB Plenio, V Vedral

Quantum information processing rests on our ability to manipulate quantum superpositions through coherent unitary transformations, and to establish entanglement between constituent quantum components of the processor. The quantum information processor (a linear ion trap, or a cavity confining the radiation field for example) exists in a dissipative environment. We discuss ways in which entanglement can be established within such dissipative environments. We can even make use of a strong interaction of the system with its environment to produce entanglement in a controlled way. © 2000 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

## Purification of multi-particle entanglement

QUANTUM COHERENCE AND DECOHERENCE (1999) 45-48

M Murao, MB Plenio, S Popescu, V Vedral, PL Knight

## Optimal broadcasting of quantum information via teleportation

QUANTUM COHERENCE AND DECOHERENCE (1999) 69-72

M Murao, D Jonathan, MB Plenio, V Vedral

## Self-consistent model of a positive column in a glow discharge under free-flight and collisional regimes of charged-particle motion.

Phys. Rev. A 60 (1999) 5971-5977

VS Egorov, YB Golubovski, E Kindel, IB Mekhov, C Schimke

We consider the nonlocal theory of a positive column in a glow discharge in two cases, where the mean free path of charged particles is either greater than the discharge tube radius (the free-flight regime) or much less than the radius (the collisional regime). The great bulk of electrons, which determines the density and the discharge current in the axial direction, appears to be trapped by the radial field of a positive column. The electron flux to the wall, which compensates for the ionization in a volume, is determined by fast electrons with energies of the order of wall potential, which are able to leave in a loss cone. The electron kinetic equation, which is solved by averaging it over the radial transits for the two regimes considered, permits us to obtain the electron density and the ionization rate. Thus, we develop the theory of a positive column for the non-Boltzmann electron distribution in the radial field. Under the free-flight regime, this theory is developed by analogy with the Langmuir-Tonks one. Under the collisional regime, the spatial distribution of the potential is obtained from the ion motion equation with the ambipolar diffusion coefficient, which depends on the radial coordinate. The concrete calculations are carried out for the xenon discharge under the free-flight and collisional regimes. The theoretical calculations are compared with the results of experiments on the measurements of the electric field and the densities of metastable and resonance xenon atoms.

## Quantum networks for elementary arithmetic operations.

Physical review. A, Atomic, molecular, and optical physics 54 (1996) 147-153

V Vedral, A Barenco, A Ekert